Learn about the potential benefits of Ashwagandha including contraindications, adverse reactions, toxicology, pharmacology and historical usage.Etymology.The word ant and its chiefly dialectal form emmet come from ante, emete of Middle English, which come from mette of Old English, and these are all.The jack jumper ant Myrmecia pilosula, commonly known as the hopper ant, jumper ant or jumping jack, is a species of venomous ant native to Australia.JNatScBiolMed_2011_2_2_198_92326_u1.jpg' alt='Antivenom Activity Of Plant Extracts That Kill' title='Antivenom Activity Of Plant Extracts That Kill' />Jack jumper ant Wikipedia.The jack jumper ant Myrmecia pilosula, commonly known as the hopper ant, jumper ant or jumping jack, is a species of venomous ant native to Australia.Most commonly found in Tasmania and southeast mainland Australia, it is a member of the genus Myrmecia, subfamily Myrmeciinae, and was formally described and named by British entomologist Frederick Smith in 1.This species is known for the ability to jump long distances.These ants are large workers and males are approximately the same size 1.The queen measures approximately 1.Jack jumper ants are primarily active during the day and live in open habitats, nesting in bushland, woodland and dry open forests, surrounded by gravel and sandysoil, which can be found in rural areas and are less common in urban areas.They prey on small insects and use their barbless stinger to kill other insects by injecting venom.Other ants and predatory invertebrates prey on the jack jumper.The average worker has a life expectancy of over one year.Workers are gamergates, allowing them to reproduce with drones, whether or not a queen is present in the colony.The ant is a part of the Myrmecia pilosulaspecies complex this ant and other members of the complex are known to have a single pair of chromosomes.Their sting generally only causes a mild local reaction in humans however, it is one of the few ant species that can be dangerous to humans, along with other ants in the genus Myrmecia.The ant venom is particularly immunogenic for an insect venom the venom causes about 9.Australian ant allergies.In endemic areas, up to 3 of the human population has developed an allergy to the venom and about half of these allergic people can suffer from anaphylactic reactions increased heart rate, falling blood pressure, and other symptoms, which can lead to death on rare occasions.Between 1.Tasmania. Individuals prone to severe allergic reactions caused by the ants sting can be treated with allergen immunotherapy desensitisation.Taxonomy and common namesedit.Original holotype specimen abdomen missing Ponera ruginoda3The specific name derives from the Latin word pilose, meaning covered with soft hair.The ant was first identified in 1.British entomologist Frederick Smith in his Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum part VI, under the binomial name.Myrmecia pilosula from specimens he collected in Hobart in Tasmania.There, Smith described the specimens of a worker, queen and male.The type specimen is located in the British Museum in London.In 1.American entomologist William Morton Wheeler established the subgenus.Halmamyrmecia characterised by its jumping behaviour, of which the jack jumper ant was designated as the type species.However, John Clark later synonymised Halmamyrmecia under the subgenus Promyrmecia in 1.William Brown synonymised Promyrmecia due to the lack of morphological evidence that would make it distinct from Myrmecia and later placed the jack jumper ant in the genus in 1.One synonym for the species has been published Ponera ruginoda also titled Myrmecia ruginoda,1.Smith in the same work, and a male holotype specimen was originally described for this synonym.Ponera ruginoda was initially placed into the genera Ectatomma and Rhytidoponera,1.The ant is a part of the Myrmecia pilosula species complex, a species group that was first defined by Italian entomologist Carlo Emery.The species complex is a monophyletic group, where the species are closely related to each other but their actual genetic relationship is distant.Members of this group include M.M.M. chrysogaster, M.M.M. dispar, M.M. harderi, M.M.M. occidentalis.M.M. rugosa and M.Additional species that were described in this group in 2.M.M. haskinsorum, M.M.Their characteristic jumping motion when agitated or foraging inspires the common name jack jumper, a behaviour also shared with other Myrmecia ants, such as Myrmecia nigrocincta.This is the most common name for the ant, along with black jumper,8 hopper ant,2.It is also named after the jumping jack firecracker.The species is a member of the genus Myrmecia, a part of the subfamily Myrmeciinae.Descriptionedit.Closeup view of a specimen.These ants attack with both its mandibles and sting.Like its relatives, the ant possesses a powerful sting and large mandibles.These ants can be black or blackish red in colour, and may have yellow or orange legs.The ant is medium sized in comparison to other Myrmecia species, where workers are typically 1.Excluding mandibles, jack jumpers measure 1.The ants antennae, tibiae, tarsi and mandibles are also yellow or orange.Pubescence hair on the ant is greyish, short and erect, and is longer and more abundant on their gaster, absent on their antennae, and short and suberect on their legs.The pubescence on the male is grey and long, and abundant throughout the ants body, but it shortens on the legs.The mandibles are long and slender measuring 4.The queen has a similar appearance to the workers, but its middle body is more irregular and coarser.The queen is also the largest, measuring 1.Males are either smaller or around the same size as workers, measuring 1.Males also have much smaller triangular mandibles than workers and queens.The mandibles on the male contain a large tooth at the centre, among the apex and the base of the inner border.Punctures tiny dots are noticeable on the head, which are large and shallow, and the thorax and node are also irregularly punctuated.The pubescence on the males gaster is white and yellowish.Distribution and habitatedit.Two workers stand guard in front of the entrance to their nest.Jack jumper ants are abundant in most of Australia, being among the most common bull ant to be encountered.The ants can be found in the south western tip of Western Australia,3.Albany, Mundaring, Denmark and Esperance.The ant is rarely sighted in the northern regions of Western Australia.In South Australia, it is commonly found in the south east regions of the state, frequently encountered in Mount Lofty particularly the Adelaide Hills, Normanville, Hallett Cove and Aldgate, but it is not found in north western regions.There are dense populations on the western seaboard of Kangaroo Island. 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